La mujer en la administración pública: barreras y oportunidades para el liderazgo femenino
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14854296Palabras clave:
administración pública, igualdad de género, liderazgoResumen
Este estudio se propuso analizar las barreras y oportunidades que enfrentan las mujeres para alcanzar el liderazgo femenino en instituciones gubernamentales, tanto nacionales como internacionales. La investigación adoptó un enfoque cualitativo con método fenomenológico, aplicando entrevistas semiestructuradas a una muestra de 879 mujeres líderes seleccionadas de una población de 4,950. La muestra se determinó buscando la saturación del corpus de datos. Las participantes provenían de instituciones tanto nacionales (68%) como extranjeras (32%), incluyendo ministerios, organismos multilaterales y agencias de cooperación internacional. Asimismo, se incluyeron mujeres con al menos dos años de experiencia en cargos directivos en ministerios (45%), organismos multilaterales (30%) y agencias internacionales (25%). Se utilizó el programa Atlas.ti para el análisis de datos, incluyendo la red de códigos, la frecuencia y la nube de palabras. Además, el Diagrama Sankey de co-ocurrencia permitió visualizar las relaciones entre las barreras y los factores facilitadores del liderazgo femenino. Los resultados evidenciaron que la discriminación de género, los estereotipos arraigados y la falta de políticas efectivas de conciliación laboral-familiar constituyen las principales barreras para la promoción del liderazgo femenino. No obstante, se identificó que los programas de mentoría, las redes de apoyo y las políticas de inclusión han tenido un impacto positivo en el empoderamiento y ascenso de mujeres a posiciones directivas. Concluyendo que, a pesar de los avances en igualdad de género, persisten desafíos institucionales y culturales que limitan el liderazgo femenino, lo que resalta la necesidad de fortalecer las políticas públicas y la cultura organizacional para fomentar un entorno equitativo en la administración pública.
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