Gestión pública de la asistencia técnica y desarrollo sostenible: análisis bibliométrico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23826089Palabras clave:
extensión al medio rural, política agrícola, desarrollo sostenibleResumen
La asistencia técnica agrícola es un instrumento de política pública. Este estudio analizó, desde las ciencias sociales, la producción científica internacional sobre asistencia técnica agrícola, prácticas agrícolas sostenibles y diversificación productiva. Se aplicó un diseño cuantitativo, descriptivo y longitudinal retrospectivo. La búsqueda en Scopus recuperó 3619 registros; tras excluir otros tipos de documento, los años incompletos, las áreas temáticas ajenas a las ciencias sociales y los duplicados, según el protocolo PRISMA 2020, el corpus quedó en 1101 artículos y revisiones publicados entre 1983 y 2025. Los datos se procesaron con Bibliometrix y Biblioshiny mediante indicadores de rendimiento y mapeo científico. La producción creció a una tasa anual del 13,43 % y el 76,8 % de los documentos se publicaron desde 2016. El 35,88 % tiene coautoría internacional. Estados Unidos, Etiopía y Sudáfrica encabezan la producción según el país del autor de correspondencia; África reúne el 31,7 % de esos documentos y América Latina, el 5,2 %. La espectroscopia de referencias muestra que el campo se apoya en la teoría de la difusión de innovaciones y en la economía de la adopción. El mapa temático ubica la agroecología como tema motor y la adopción y el cambio climático como temas básicos, mientras que la diversificación no forma un tema propio. El campo ha estudiado sobre todo cómo la asistencia técnica impulsa la adopción de prácticas sostenibles y ha dejado en segundo plano su efecto sobre la diversificación de cultivos e ingresos, lo que limita la evaluación de los programas públicos.
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