Detection of frauds and scams based on social engineering in Ecuador

Abstract

In an increasingly digital context, the proliferation of cybercrime has become a significant concern for the security of individuals and organizations in Ecuador. This research aims to analyze the statistics of cybercrime in Ecuador in the period 2019-2024, assessing its implications for both individuals and organizations, as well as the effectiveness of the regulations implemented, especially in relation to the Comprehensive Organic Criminal Code (COIP), which contemplates the crimes of swindling (Art. 186) and fraudulent use of computer systems (Art. 190). A qualitative approach was employed, including literature review and analysis of statistical data on cybercrime complaints. The results reveal a significant increase in these reports, particularly during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, which is evidence of the population's vulnerability to techniques such as phishing and identity theft, common methods for the execution of electronic frauds. Despite initiatives such as the Budapest Convention and the Draft Organic Law on Digital Security, challenges persist, such as the high number of unreported crimes and distrust in the authorities. In addition, the urgent need to improve digital security education and awareness was identified, especially among vulnerable groups such as the elderly. Finally, it is recommended to strengthen existing COIP regulations and promote a whistleblower culture that empowers citizens to protect their personal and financial information.