IoT Sensors and Applications in Agricultural Environments: Systematic Mapping
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15809119Keywords:
precision agriculture, sustainable development, sensorsAbstract
This research systematically mapped the scientific literature on IoT sensors and applications in agriculture, aiming to identify the main lines of development, their benefits, and barriers to adoption. The Petersen and Kitchenham methodology was applied, using the PICOC framework to design the search in databases such as Scopus, IEEE Xplore, Taylor & Francis, and Sage Journals, considering original studies published between 2019 and 2024. From 1,862 initial records, 59 articles were selected after applying inclusion criteria related to technical description, analysis of advantages and limitations, and impact on sustainability. The bibliometric analysis showed a steady growth in publications, with Asia and Europe as the main focuses. The thematic synthesis revealed that smart irrigation systems account for 28% of contributions, followed by crop monitoring (17%) and early warning systems (10%). In contrast, areas such as smart fertilization and biodiversity conservation are little explored. Studies report significant improvements in water and energy efficiency, and a reduction in the environmental footprint. However, technical limitations persist, such as limited battery life, frequent calibrations, and protocol heterogeneity, in addition to limited socioeconomic evaluation. In conclusion, although IoT has great potential for more sustainable and resilient agriculture, its large-scale impact requires advances in energy autonomy, communications standardization, and cost-benefit studies to facilitate its adoption in small rural farms.
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