Digital transformation in SMEs: systematic review of factors, barriers and results
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17656442Keywords:
digitization, small and medium-sized enterprises, information technologiesAbstract
This systematic review synthesizes recent evidence on the factors that facilitate or hinder digital transformation in SMEs, as well as its organizational impacts. Following the PRISMA 2020 protocol guidelines, a search was conducted in the Scopus and Web of Science databases, yielding 200 records. From these, 30 studies were selected for qualitative analysis, applying inclusion criteria and the MMAT tool to assess methodological quality. The findings, organized according to the TOE and dynamic capabilities theoretical frameworks, identify key enablers as technological infrastructure, appropriate IT solutions, digitally-minded leadership, staff skills, efficient resource allocation, and an organizational culture receptive to change. External factors such as competitive pressures, regulations, customer demands, and the availability of financing also play a role. Key barriers include high implementation costs, a lack of digital skills, the existence of legacy systems, cybersecurity risks, and the complexity of current regulations. Overall, digital transformation is linked to significant improvements in operational efficiency, innovation, and performance, both in the market and in financial indicators. However, the diversity in methodological designs and metrics used reflects the need for more longitudinal and comparative studies that delve deeper into these effects.
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