Aprendizaje basado en proyectos universitarios: análisis sistemático de aplicaciones y tendencias
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23329762Palabras clave:
aprendizaje basado en proyectos, educación superior, metodologías activasResumen
El aprendizaje basado en proyectos es una metodología activa que vincula la formación universitaria con problemas reales y promueve la participación del estudiante. La investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar sistemáticamente la evidencia científica sobre sus aplicaciones en la educación superior, sus impactos formativos y las tendencias de implementación. Se realizó una revisión sistemática conforme a las directrices PRISMA 2020. La búsqueda se efectuó entre abril y junio de 2026 en Scopus, Web of Science y SciELO, considerando publicaciones en español e inglés de 2016 a junio de 2026. Se identificaron 110 registros, se eliminaron 40 duplicados y se evaluaron 70 documentos a texto completo. Tras excluir 40 por incumplir los criterios de elegibilidad, el corpus quedó conformado por 29 artículos científicos. Los resultados mostraron aplicaciones en ingeniería, salud, educación, comunicación y tecnología mediante proyectos interdisciplinarios, elaboración de productos, colaboración empresarial y entornos digitales. Se identificaron aportes a la autonomía, la creatividad, la comunicación, el pensamiento crítico, el trabajo colaborativo y la preparación profesional. Las tendencias incluyeron la digitalización, la sostenibilidad y la vinculación con el sector productivo. Los desafíos se relacionaron con la coordinación grupal, la evaluación, el tiempo y el acompañamiento docente. Se concluyó que los beneficios del ABP estuvieron condicionados por una planificación adecuada, orientación continua, participación equitativa y evaluación coherente con las competencias formativas.
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