Herramientas digitales en las PYMES: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23523571Palabras clave:
actividad comercial, herramientas digitales, PYMESResumen
La transformación digital se ha convertido en un factor clave para el desarrollo de las pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMES), ya que incorpora herramientas tecnológicas en sus actividades comerciales, administrativas, financieras y operativas. Con el propósito de comprender esta dinámica, esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo identificar las herramientas digitales utilizadas por las PYMES a partir de la literatura científica publicada entre 2017 y 2026. Para ello, se siguió la metodología PRISMA 2020 y se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos Scopus, Dimensions y OpenAlex, incluyendo artículos científicos en español e inglés. Los resultados evidencian un amplio conjunto de herramientas, entre las que destacan el comercio electrónico, las redes sociales, el marketing digital, la inteligencia artificial, la analítica de datos, la computación en la nube, el Internet de las Cosas, los pagos digitales, las soluciones fintech, los sistemas de gestión de relaciones con clientes (CRM) y la ciberseguridad. Estas tecnologías se agruparon en cuatro funciones empresariales: comercialización y clientes, gestión y toma de decisiones, operaciones e infraestructura, y finanzas y seguridad. En conclusión, las herramientas digitales abarcan distintas áreas de la gestión de las PYMES y, en muchos casos, cumplen funciones complementarias. Sin embargo, su adopción depende de factores como la disponibilidad de recursos financieros, la infraestructura tecnológica y las competencias digitales de las organizaciones.
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